Biotensegrity (Biotensegrität)
Ein mechanisches Modell biologischer Strukturen und Funktionen

Der Begriff Biotensegrity stammt von dem amerikanischen Orthopäden Dr. Stephen M. Levin. Biotensegrity (Biotensegrität) ist ein mechanisches Modell biologischer Strukturen und Funktionen auf der Grundlage der Konzepte von Buckminster Fuller und Kenneth Snelson. In Biotensegrity Systemen existieren nur Spannungs- und Kompressionselemente. Es gibt keine Scheren, Biegemomente oder Hebel, sondern einfach nur Spannung und Kompression, in einer sich selbst organisierenden, hierarchischen, Last verteilenden und wenig Energie verbrauchenden Struktur.
"Biotensegrity - A super-stability hypothesis for biology which applies tensegrity models as force vector diagrams to understand the structure and workings of all living things. Organisms are regarded as responsive multi-scale transmutable systems of energy-efficient and material-efficient interlinked tensegrity configurations." Lowell de Solórzano, Susan (2020): Everything Moves - How biotensegrity informs human movement, Pencaitland: Handspring Publishing, Glossar
"In Tai Chi you are using exactly all your tensegrity and what you are doing is focusing that whole structure into one point and all the energy comes through the whole tension system out to one point. Tai Chi is a perfect example of the proper use of your tensegrity structure." Stephen M. Levin, Biotensegrity and Dynamic Anatomy DVD, 2006
"Tatsächlich ordnen sich genau genommen alle miteinander verbundenen strukturellen Elemente eines Tensegrity-Modells als Antwort auf einen lokalen Stressor neu an. Wenn die Belastung zunimmt, ordnen sich mehr und mehr Elemente in der Richtung der Zugkraft an, so dass es zu einer linearen Versteifung des Materials kommt. Anders ausgedrückt: Tensegrity-Strukturen sind elastisch und werden umso stabiler, je mehr sie belastet werden." Myers, Thomas W. (2004): Anatomy Trains, München: Urban & Fischer Verlag, S. 50
Biotensegrity & Dynamic Anatomy - Dr. Stephen M. Levin
Stephen M. Levin, M.D., ist der Begründer des Begriffs "Biotensegrität" und hat während seiner langen Karriere sowohl in der orthopädischen Chirurgie als auch in der manuellen Medizin dessen Verständnis und Anwendungen entwickelt, verfeinert und gelehrt. Als Begründer des Konzepts und mit vielen Jahrzehnten engagierter Forschung und Entwicklung des Modells ist Dr. Stephen M. Levin die globale Autorität für Biotensegrität. Dr. Levins Präsentationen, Artikel und Buchbeiträge sind die Hauptquellen für die Untersuchung der Biotensegrität.
DVD-Tipp: Biotensegrity and Dynamic Anatomy

Part 1. Introduction to Biotensegrity. A new approach to biomechanics. Stephen Levin introduces biotensegrity, the application of tensegrity, a mechanical concept introduced by Buckminster Fuller, to biological forms. Tensegrity structures have islands of compressional struts enmeshed in a continuous web. The skeleton becomes the compression struts floating within the web of fascia, muscle and ligaments. Biotensegrity offers a better framework than traditional biomechanics, where the soft tissue is draped on a bony column, to explain the remarkable properties of stability coupled with flexibility and motion, and the ability to withstand dynamic stress by distributing loads to all parts of the body. Part 2. Biotensegrity Modeling. Stephen Levin in conversation with Tom Flemons. Steven Levin discusses biotensegrity with inventor and modeler Tom Flemons. Flemon's models help make difficult-to-grasp concepts more accessible by demonstrating in simplified form the mechanics of living strutures. Researchers and practioners in a wide range of fields are using his models for insights into the new field of biotensegrity. Part 3. Elaborating on the Theme. Mini presentations expanding on biotensegrity. Biotensegrity and Dynamic Anatomy DVD. A DVD of a lecture by Stephen M. Levin MD, leading proponent of biotensegrity, and discussions with Tom Flemons, developer of biotensegrity models. © Stephen M. Levin 2006
Architekturen des Lebens - Donald E. Ingber
Donald E. Ingber ist ein amerikanischer Zellbiologe und Bioingenieur. Er ist ein Pionier auf dem Gebiet des biologisch inspirierten Ingenieurwesens. Durch seine Arbeit hat Ingber auch dazu beigetragen, die Grenzen zwischen Wissenschaft, Kunst und Design aufzubrechen. Seine Forschungen über Tensegrität führten ihn zu dem Vorschlag, dass mechanische Kräfte bei der biologischen Steuerung eines Organismus eine wichtige Rolle spielen.

"Von Molekülen bis hin zu Knochen, Muskeln und Sehnen des menschlichen Körpers ist Tensegrität das bevorzugte Bauprinzip der Natur. Nur mit seiner Hilfe kann man verstehen, warum sich bei jeder Armbewegung auch die Haut spannt und dieser Zug bis in das innere Gerüst von Zellen hinein wirkt, ohne daß etwas bräche oder risse." Architekturen des Lebens. Von Donald E. Ingber. Aus: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 3 / 1998, Seite 32 © Spektrum der Wissenschaft Verlagsgesellschaft mbH
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ingber-sa-jan1998.pdf The Architecture of Life. A universal set of building rules seems to guide the design of organic structures - from simple carbon compounds to complex cells and tissues. By Donald E. Ingber, Scientific American Januar 1998 3 MB
Everything Moves - Susan Lowell de Solórzano
Susan Lowell de Solórzano ist eine vielseitige Künstlerin und hat einen MA, Human Development & Education mit Schwerpunkt auf kinästhetischem Lernen. Seit 2012 ist sie Mitarbeiterin von Dr. Stephen M. Levin, dem Begründer der Theorie der Biotensegrität. Susan ist Mitbegründerin und leitende Organisatorin der Biotensegrity Interest Group, DC BIG (Washington, DC, Biotensegrity Interest Group; gegr. 2012) und Mitbegründerin des Stephen M. Levin Biotensegrity Archive.
Buchtipp: Everything Moves

The emerging science of biotensegrity provides a fresh context for re-thinking our understanding of human movement, but its complexities can be formidable. Bodywork and movement professionals looking for an accessible and relevant guide to the concept and application of biotensegrity need look no further than Everything Moves: How biotensegrity informs human movement. Susan Lowell de Solórzano developed her understanding of biotensegrity and its practical relevance to therapists over years of direct study with the concept’s originator, Stephen M. Levin, MD. In this beautiful book she makes biotensegrity accessible through experiential activities and exercises. In order to work with our own bodies and the bodies of our students and clients and teams most effectively, we need to understand the nature of our human structure. Susan offers the enquiring bodyworker or movement professional, who wants to take their understanding of how to apply biotensegrity in their work to the next level, a practical and relatable guide to the biotensegral nature of our bodies, in which all of the parts are one, yet all are constantly changing. Throughout Everything Moves, concepts and ideas are presented with activities and exercises to make them tangible, accessible and applicable. The material presented is suitable for coaches and movement teachers new to biotensegrity, as well as those with more advanced levels of understanding. Whether your focus is performance, sports, Alexander Technique, Feldenkrais, yoga, Pilates, martial arts, or dance, any arena in which bodies move can be informed by Everything Moves! © Bild und Text Handspring Publishing. Lowell de Solórzano, Susan (2020): Everything Moves - How biotensegrity informs human movement, Pencaitland: Handspring Publishing. Kommentar zum Buch bei michaelditsch.de
Living Biotensegrity - Dr. Danièle-Claude Martin
In Deutschland beschäftigt sich Dr. Danièle-Claude Martin mit der Umsetzung der Biotensegrity (Biotensegrität) in ein Übungssystem für die Körperarbeit. Im Oktober 2009 war Danièle-Claude Martin Gastgeberin des ersten Treffens der Biotensegrity Interest Group (BIG) in St. Malo, Frankreich. Sie ist Physikerin, Bewegungsforscherin, ausgebildet in Qi Gong, Yi Quan und Spiraldynamik®. Lehrerin für dreidimensionale Bewegungskoordination in eigener Praxis. Danièle-Claude Martin veranstaltet regelmäßig Seminare und Workshops.
Buchtipp: Living Biotensegrity

This book provides a detailed look at the structural principles of biotensegrity and the relevance it may have for the architecture of living structures. The author, Danièle-Claude Martin begins with fundamental thoughts on the integrative mechanics of the human body and progresses to a theoretical framework of biotensegrity that can be useful for both body therapists and movement practictioners. Readers will also find discussions of key concepts in biotensegrity that reflect the concrete application in a wide variety of fields. Introduction to biotensegrity: observations - need - history. Exploring the principle: constructing models - discovering the essential aspects - implications of the tensegral approach. Applying the principle to living structures: the principle in nature - theoretical framework for bodywork - new perspective on anatomy and on movement. © Bild und Text Kiener Verlag. Living Biotensegrity - Interplay of Tension and Compression in the Body, Danièle-Claude Martin, Kiener Verlag, 2016. Kommentar zum Buch bei michaelditsch.de
The structural basis of life - Graham Scarr
Graham Scarr ist Diplom-Biologe und Osteopath. Zusammen mit Stephen M. Levin arbeitet und forscht er innerhalb der Biotensegrity Interest Group (BIG) an der weiteren Entwicklung des Biotensegrity-Konzepts und seiner Bedeutung für die Biomechanik und die klinische Praxis.
Buchtipp: Biotensegrity

Biotensegrity is an evolving science which provides researchers, teachers, and practitioners across a wide range of specialisms including all bodyworkers and movement teachers with a deeper understanding of the human body and therefore the ability to develop their clinical practice and therapeutic effectiveness in light of this understanding. This book explains the basic principles of biotensegrity and explores our understanding of anatomy and physiology in the light of the latest research findings. © Bild und Text Handspring Publishing. Biotensegrity, The structural basis of life, Graham Scarr, Handspring Publishing, 2014
Biotensegrity - The mechanics of fascia
"Biotensegrity reverses the centuries-old concept that the skeleton is the frame upon which the soft tissue is draped, and replaces it with an integrated fascial fabric with 'floating' compression elements (bones in vertebrates), enmeshed within the interstices of the tensioned elements." S. 137
"Contrary to lever mechanics, hierarchical tensegrity structures have only tension and compression members. There is no shear or torque, nor are there bending moments. Orientation in space has no effect on how the structure functions. Forces are distributed throughout the system rather than locally concentrated as they are in lever systems. The system functions as a single unit. All this makes for a more energy efficient system. Movement is not bending of hinges, but expansion, repositioning and contraction of tensegrities. An instant repositioning of tensegrities allows for freely moving joints while the triangulation imparts stability of form and function. Biotensegrity is the unifying mechanical structural concept that bridges the island of information that we now have about fascia and its role in body functions, and makes them a unified archipelago for understanding fascia's role in anatomy and physiology." S. 139
Stephen M. Levin und Danièle-Claude Martin, Biotensegrity - The mechanics of fascia. In: Fascia - The Tensional Network of the Human Body, 1st Edition - The science and clinical applications in manual and movement therapy, Schleip & Findley & Chaitow & Huijing, Churchill Livingstone - Elsevier, 2012
Buchtipp: Fascia - The Tensional Network of the Human Body

This book is the product of an important collaboration between clinicians of the manual therapies and scientists in several disciplines that grew out of the three recent International Fascia Research Congresses (Boston, Amsterdam, and Vancouver). The book editors, Thomas Findley MD PhD, Robert Schleip PhD, Peter Huijing PhD and Leon Chaitow DO, were major organizers of these congresses and used their extensive experience to select chapters and contributors for this book. This volume therefore brings together contributors from diverse backgrounds who share the desire to bridge the gap between theory and practice in our current knowledge of the fascia and goes beyond the 2007, 2009 and 2012 congresses to define the state-of-the-art, from both the clinical and scientific perspective. Prepared by over 100 specialists and researchers from throughout the world, Fascia: The Tensional Network of the Human Body will be ideal for all professionals who have an interest in fascia and human movement - physiotherapists, osteopathic physicians, osteopaths, chiropractors, structural integration practitioners, manual therapists, massage therapists, acupuncturists, yoga or Pilates instructors, exercise scientists and personal trainers - as well as physicians involved with musculoskeletal medicine, pain management and rehabilitation, and basic scientists working in the field. © Bild und Text Churchill Livingstone - Elsevier. Fascia - The Tensional Network of the Human Body, 1st Edition - The science and clinical applications in manual and movement therapy, Schleip & Findley & Chaitow & Huijing, Churchill Livingstone - Elsevier, 2012, Website zum Buch (mit Videos): www.tensionalnetwork.com
Mit einem Beitrag von Stephen Levin und Danièle-Claude Martin über Biotensegrity "Biotensegrity - The mechanics of fascia" ab S. 137
Videos
Gutes Erklärvideo von Atlasbalans über die Entwicklung der Forschung zu Biotensegrity (Biotensegrität) und Faszien - 2017
Biotensegrity & Dynamic Anatomy - Dr. Stephen M. Levin - 2018
Bone is Fascia - Bone is a specialized condensation of calcium salts within the fascia (Stephen Levin) - 2018
Webinar on biotensegrity with Handspring authors Graham Scarr and Susan Lowell de Solórzano - 2019
Conversation about Biotensegrity - Steve Levin & Tom Flemons - Part 1 - 2009
Conversation about Biotensegrity - Steve Levin & Tom Flemons - Part 2 - 2009
Quellen
- Faszien bei michaelditsch.de
- Tensegrity bei michaelditsch.de
- Website von Stephen M. Levin
www.biotensegrity.com - Website der Firma von Tom Flemons
(gute Bilder von anatomischen Biotensegrity Modellen)
intensiondesigns.ca - Website von Graham Scarr
www.tensegrityinbiology.co.uk - The Stephen M Levin Biotensegrity Archive
www.biotensegrityarchive.org - Biotensegrity Archive YouTube channel
www.youtube.com/channel/UCrY9G8s6q4TtlH78YY64zVA - Donald E. Ingber, M.D., Ph.D.
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University wyss.harvard.edu/team/executive-team/donald-ingber/
Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_E._Ingber